Which type of current would provide the deepest penetration in a material during magnetic particle testing?

During magnetic particle testing, the key to achieving deep penetration into a material lies in the characteristics of the electrical current used to establish the magnetic field.

Half-wave direct current (DC) is particularly effective for deep penetration because it provides a continuous and unidirectional flow of electricity towards the material being tested. This type of current creates a strong and stable magnetic field, which penetrates deeper into the material than alternating current (AC) or other variations of direct current.

The nature of half-wave DC allows the magnetic particles applied to the surface to clearly detect discontinuities and defects situated deeper within the material. This is essential for ensuring comprehensive inspections, especially in thicker materials or components that may harbor internal flaws. The consistent magnetic field generated aids in lifting and holding the magnetic particles to reveal these defects.

While alternating current can manipulate surface indications well, its effectiveness diminishes significantly at greater depths due to its oscillating nature. Full-wave direct current and pulsed direct current may also offer certain advantages in specific cases, but half-wave direct current remains the most recognized and established current type specifically noted for deep penetration in magnetic particle testing applications.